The emergence of the Adivasi Gothra Maha Sabha led to a shift in Kerala's political landscape. The movement rejected the Communist rhetoric and instead framed its demands around adivasi and dalit identity. Yet, most activists in the movement had a Communist background and building a coherent and effective political notion of adivasi (dalit) identity was complex. How and why, then, did the idea of indigenous belonging come to replace the discourse of class in subaltern struggles? Indigenist Mobilization answers this question through detailed ethnographic research combined with theories of anthropological political economy. It explores the life histories of different generations of subaltern activists and argues that indigenism grew with the declining ability of the Communist party to continue effecting social transformation. The book demonstrates that a closer understanding of the uncertainty of working lives in contemporary Kerala explains the conditions that made indigenist visions appealing.