The present book is compendium of recent original research in the field of oceanography. Oceanography is the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean. It covers a wide range of topics, including marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers blend to further knowledge of the world ocean and understanding of processes within it: biology, chemistry, geology, meteorology, and physics as well as geography. Humans first acquired knowledge of the waves and currents of the seas and oceans in pre-historic times. Observations on tides are recorded by Aristotle and Strabo. With its application oriented and interdisciplinary approach, the book would be immensely useful to students, teachers, researchers, scientists, policy makers, environmental lawyers and others interested in aquatic ecology. The chapters in the book have been contributed by eminent scientists/academicians active in the areas of oceanography.