Contents: 1.Biomass as a Energy Source 1.1Background 1.2India’s biomass scenario and needs 1.3Sources of biomass 1.4Merits and demerits of biomass as a energy source 1.5Conclusion 1.6References 2. Biomass Conversion Processes 2.1Overview 2.2Biomass potential for energy generation in India 2.3Classification of biomass conversion processes 2.4Thermal conversion process 2.4.1Combustion 2.4.2Pyrolysis 2.4.3Torrefaction 2.4.4Gasification 2.4.5Liquefaction 2.5Biological conversion process 2.5.1Anaerobic digestion 2.5.2Ethanol fermentation 2.6Application of bio-fuels 2.7Conclusion 2.8References 3 Biochar 3.1 Background 3.2 Need of biochar 3.3 Biochar production and feedstock 3.4 Biochar properties 3.5 Energy required for the production bio-char 3.6 Development of continuous biochar production system 3.6.1 Need of technology 3.6.2 Suitability for specific condition(s) 3.6.3 Traditional practice 3.6.4 Technology development 3.6.5 Constructional details 3.6.6 Characterization of produced biochar 3.6.7 Economic feasibility 3.7 Detailed economic analysis of continuous biochar production system 3.8 Tips for trouble free operation 3.9 Conclusion 3.10 References 4 Activated Biochar 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Importance of activated biochar 4.3 Biomass feedstock for activated biochar production 4.4 Preparation of activated biochar and feedstock 4.4.1 Carbonization / pyrolysis process 4.4.2 Biochar activation 4.5 Properties of activated biochar 4.5.1 Physically activated biochar 4.5.2 Alkali activated biochar 4.5.3 Impregnated activated biochar 4.6 Economics of activated biochar production process 4.7 Conclusion 4.8 References 5 Applications of Biochar & Activated Biochar 5.1 Overview 5.2 Applications of biochar 5.2.1 Role of biochar in agriculture soil 5.2.2 Application of biochar in water treatment 5.2.3 Biochar for climate change mitigation 5.2.4 Carbon sequestration 5.2.5 Mitigation of greenhouse gas emission 5.3 Applications of activated biochar 5.3.1 Role of activated biochar in soil remediation 5.3.2 Waste water treatment 5.3.3 Activated biochar as a catalyst in biofuel production 5.3.4 Super capacitors 5.3.5 Fuel cell 5.4 Applications of other Pyrolysis Products 5.4.1 Applications of bio-oil 5.4.2 Application of syngas 5.5 Life cycle Assessment of Biofuel Production 5.6 Upgrading of Bio-oil 5.7 Future research recommendations