Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Mutation and their types 3. Mutation and their classifications 4. Mutagens 5. Mode of action 6. Factors influencing mutagens 7. Bases of mutation: genetical and biological 8. General consideration for induced mutation 9. Nature of mutation 10. Induced mutations in cross breeding 11. Induced mutation techniques in seed propagated crops 12. Mutation breeding techniques in vegetatively propagated crop plants 13. Improvement of plant characters through mutation breeding 14. Shoot apex-Structure function and Chimeras 15. DNA repair mechanism 16. Generations of mutants development 17. Precaution in mutagen handling 18. Genetic improvement of fruit crops through mutations 19. Achievements of mutation breeding