India, is the home of the world's most useful fruit plants thriving in diverse agro- ecological zones from the monsoon tropics of the south to temperate and alpine north- western Himalayas, from the extremely arid and semi-arid north-western plains to the humid tropics of the east. Over 300 species of fruits, including temperate, subtropical and tropical, are growing in the country. Apart from major fruits, a wide variety of underutilized crops, which are neither commercially cultivated nor traded on a large scale, are mainly grown, commercialized and consumed locally. These underutilized fruits have many advantages in terms of ease to grow, hardiness and resilience to climate changes compared to the major commercially grown crops. However, despite of being nutrient-dense and possessing the unique potential to survive under uncongenial conditions, underutilized fruits have not yet received the adequate attention of researchers for their genetic improvement, advancement of production and protection protocols and recent advances of post harvest management and value addition, and most of our efforts are restricted to only major commercial fruit crops. The possible reasons for the low utilization of minor fruits, in spite of their immense nutritional and medicinal importance are insufficient availability of planting material, lack of awareness and dearth of scientific information. Hence, there is an urgent need to tap the potential of underutilized fruits to address the nutritional security, economic prosperity and overall the impact of changing climatic conditions. The book entitled