The Aravallis located in the north-western part of India is one of the oldest folded mountain systems in the world. Due to its unique landscape, the Aravallis harbor diverse ecosystems and habitats. Proper documentation of the flora and spatial characterization of the landscape is essential for sustainable development. The authors have documented the flowering plants of Aravallis of Rajasthan based on field surveys and literature. Quantitative assessment of floristic diversity was carried out using phytosociological data. Vegetation types of the Aravallis were delineated using Indian remote sensing data and field inventory data to understand the explicit spatial extent and distribution. This study also characterized species diversity and biological richness at the landscape level using satellite remote sensing and geographic information system. Contents : Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Geospatial tools for biodiversity assessment 1.2.1. Remote sensing 1.2.2. Global Positioning System (GPS) 1.2.3. Geographic Information System (GIS) 1.3. Landscape analysis 1.3.1. Landscape characterization. 1.3.2. Geostatistical analysis and spatial modeling 1.4. Review of literature 1.4.1. Initiatives for biodiversity assessment 1.4.2. Vegetation mapping 1.4.3. Floristic studies in Aravallis 1.4.4. Quantitiave assessment of phytodiversity / floristic diversity 1.4.6. Phytodiversity Studies in Aravallis (Aravalli Hills) 1.5. Importance of the study site Chapter 2: Study Area 2.1. History 2.2. Physiography 2.3. Ecology of the Aravallis of Rajasthan 2.4. Landscape 2.5. Topography 2.6. Geology 2.7. Soil 2.8. Climate 2.9. Temperature 2.10. Rainfall and Wind 2.11. Eco regions 2.12. Population 2.13. Forest 2.14. Protected areas 2.15. Fauna 2.16. Flora 2.16.1. Vegetation Chapter 3: Materials and Methods 3.1. Vegetation type mapping 3.1.1. Satellite data 3.2. Applications of IRS P6 data 3.3. Vegetation type mapping 3.3.1.1. Data requirement 3.3.1.2. Other Satellite data inputs 3.3.1.3. Ancillary Data 3.3.2. Satellite data rectification 3.3.3. Image enhancement 3.3.4. Image classification and vegetation type mapping 3.3.5. Vegetation classification scheme 3.3.6. Visual interpretation technique 3.3.7. Reconnaissance survey 3.3.8. Accuracy assessment 3.3.9. Forest area statistics 3.3.10. Post field classification 3.3.11. Accuracy assessment of map 3.4. Phytosociological methods 3.4.1. Sample point allocation 3.4.2. Field plot approach 3.5. Phytosociological analysis 3.5.1. Species Diversity 3.5.2. Economic valuation of species 3.6. Landscape analysis and conservation prioritization 3.6.1 Landscape ecology 3.6.2 Disturbance vis-à-vis biodiversity 3.6.3. Fragmentation and Edge effect 3.7. Biodiversity conservation planning at the landscape level 3.7.1. Landscape analysis 3.7.1.1. Patch Size and Number 3.7.1.2. Shape Index 3.7.2. Landscape modeling 3.7.2.1 Fragmentation Index 3.7.3. Patchiness 3.7.4. Porosity (PO) 3.7.5. Interspersion 3.7.6. Juxtaposition 3.7.7. Biotic Disturbance (BD) 3.7.8. Terrain complexity (TC) 3.7.9. Ecosystem Uniqueness (EU) 3.7.10. Disturbance Index 3.7.11. Biological richness (BR) 3.8. Database Design Specifications 3.9. Analysis, spatial modeling and querying Chapter 4: Results and Discussion 4.1. Vegetation type mapping 4.2. Vegetation types of Aravallis of Rajasthan 4.3. Results and Discussion 4.4.1. Natural vegetation types 4.4.1.1. Broad leaved hill forests 4.4.1.2. Dry Deciduous forest 4.4.1.3. Teak forest 4.4.1.4. Thorn forest 4.4.1.5. Riverine (riparian) forest 4.4.1.6. Degradational formations (Woodland): 4.4.1.7. Forest Plantations 4.4.1.8. Scrub/shrub land 4.4.1.9. Grassland 4.4.2. Cultivated and managed systems 4.4.2.1. Orchards 4.4.2.2. Agriculture 4.4.2.3. Barren land 4.4.2.4. Water body 4.4.2.5. Settlement 4.5. Conclusions